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| Physics 10th Chapter 18 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Questions Bank |
Physics 10th Chapter 18 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Solved MCQs, Short and Long Questions
MCQs
Select the right Answer.
1. ________ hydrogen nuclei fuse together to form a helium nucleus
2. ___________ are collectively called nucleons.
3. 1 Bq = ?
4. 1eV=
5. 2He4+13Al27⟶?+0n1
6. A nucleon is _________ times heavier than electron
7. Atoms of the element which have same number of protons but different number of neutrons are
8. Central part of atom is
9. Charge on alpha particles is
10. During fission of 1kg of Uranium -235 energy released is
11. Elements are naturally unstable having atomic number greater than
12. Gamma rays are also called
13. Half-life of 27Co60 is
14. Half-life of plutonium 96Pu236 is
15. Hazards of radiation for humans are
16. High energy gamma rays can penetrate at least _________ of air
17. How many types of radiation are emitted by radioactive substance?
18. How much energy is released by burning 1 tonne of coal?
19. In each fission reaction energy released
20. In which simplest atom, nucleus has only one proton?
21. Isotopes of an element have the same
22. Mass energy equation and theory of relativity was given by
23. Matter is built from small particles called
24. Nuclear fission was first observed in 1939 by
25. Nuclear radiation is measured in
26. Penetrating power of ? rays as compared to ? rays and ß rays is
27. Radiation present in atmosphere due to different radioactive substances
28. Radioactive isotope is used for curing cancerous tumors and cells
29. Radium⁻²26 has a half-life of
30. Rutherford discovered that the positive charge in an atom was concentrated in a small region called
31. SI unit for radioactivity is
32. Size of atom is
33. Size of electron is
34. Size of nucleus is
35. Stable nuclei have atomic number between
36. Stream of high energy electrons
37. The atomic number is represented by
38. The Earth and all living things receive radiation from outer space
39. The half –life of C-14 is
40. The half-life of stable Ar-40 is
41. The mass of the proton and neutron is nearly equal to
42. The number of neutrons in a nucleus is represented by
43. The number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus or atomic mass is represented by
44. The phenomenon by which radiations split matter into positive and negative ions is called
45. The rate of radioactive decay is proportional to the number of
46. The temperature of the centre of Sun is
47. The total number of nucleons in a nucleus is
48. The total number of protons in a nucleus or total number of electrons in the orbits is
49. Transmutation is
50. Tritium contains one proton, while protium and deuterium contains
51. When a tree dies radioactive isotope present in plant starts decaying?
52. When two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, this process is called
53. Which chemical compounds containing some quantity of radioisotope?
54. Which compound is used for diagnosis of brain tumor?
55. Which compound readily accumulates in the thyroid gland and can be used for monitoring of thyroid functioning?
56. Which have the greatest power of ionization as compared to others?
57. Which particle has shortest penetrating range?
58. Which radiation does not change its direction?
59. Which statement is correct about isotopes?
60. Who accidentally discovered that uranium salt crystals emit an invisible radiation that can darken a photographic plate?
Short Questions
1. A nitrogen nuclide ₇N¹⁴ decays to become an oxygen nuclide by emitting an electron. Show this process with an equation.
2. Briefly explain how heat is produced in a nuclear reactor?
3. Compare the mass of different atomic particles with atom
4. Complete this nuclear reaction: ₉₂U²³⁵ ---------> ₅₄X¹⁴⁰ + ? +2 ₀n¹ . Does this reaction involve fission or fusion? Justify your answer .
5. Define fission fragment.
6. Define fusion reaction.
7. Define half-life. With an example.
8. Define ionization?
9. Define isotopes with an example
10. Define natural radioactivity?
11. Define nuclear transmutation?
12. Describe two uses of radioisotopes in medicine, industry or research.
13. Differentiate between stable and unstable nuclides?
14. Differentiation between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
15. Draw table to show the properties of radiations briefly.
16. Explain whether the atomic number can increase during nuclear decay. Support your answer with an example.
17. How can we make radioactive elements artificially? Describe with a suitable example.
18. How a helium atom is formed?
19. How a radioisotope can be used to determine the effectiveness of fertilizer?
20. How an atom is represented?
21. How can radioactivity help in the treatment of cancer?
22. How fusion reaction is the source of energy?
23. How long will take for complete decay of pure element?
24. How long would you likely have to wait to watch any sample of radioactive atoms completely decay?
25. How many types of radiations are emitted by radioactive substance? Name them
26. How much of a 1 g sample of pure radioactive substance would be left undecayed after four half- lives?
27. Is it possible for an element to have different types of atoms? Explain.
28. Nuclear fusion reaction is more reliable and sustainable source of energy than nuclear fission chain reaction. Justify this statement with plausible arguments.
29. Tritium is radioactive isotope of hydrogen. It decays by emitting an electron. What is the daughter nucleus?
30. What is difference between atomic number and atomic mass number? Give a symbolical representation of a nuclide.
31. What is the difference between natural and artificial radioactivity?
32. What is meant by background radiations? Enlist some sources of background radiations.
33. What nuclear reaction would release more energy, the fission reaction or the fusion reaction? Explain.
34. What a secondary radiations?
35. What are cosmic radiation?
36. What are nucleons?
37. What are radioisotopes?
38. What are stable nuclides?
39. What are the three basic radioactive decay processes and how do they differ from each other?
40. What are unstable nuclides?
41. What do know about discovery of an atom?
42. What do you know about atom?
43. What do you know about fission chain reaction?
44. What do you know about the placement of atomic particles in an atom?
45. What do you mean by the term radioactivity? Why some elements are radioactive but some are not?
46. What do you understand by half-life of a radioactive element?
47. What information about the structure of the nitrogen atom can be obtained from its nuclide ₇N¹⁴? In what way atom in ₇N¹⁴ is different from the atom in ₇N¹⁴?
48. What is a radioactive tracer?
49. What is atomic mass number?
50. What is atomic number?
51. What is by nuclear fission?
52. What is meant by background radiations?
53. What is meant by penetrating ability?
54. What is neutron number?
55. What is the commonly used unit of radioactivity?
56. What is the contribution of Marie Curie and Pierre?
57. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass number? Give a symbolical representation of a nuclide
58. What is the safe limit of radiations per year?
59. What is the safe limit of X-rays for a patient?
60. What is the unit of nuclear radiation?
61. Which has more penetrating power, an alpha particle or a gamma ray photon?
62. Which type of natural radioactivity leaves the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus unchanged?
63. Why positively charged proton in nucleus doesn’t fly a part in response of huge electrical force of repulsion between them?
64. Why the beam of radiation only directed to cancerous cells?
65. Why the mass of final nucleus is always less than the masses of original nuclei?
66. Write a note on nature of radiations
67. Write any two properties of alpha particles.
68. Write any two properties of beta particles.
69. Write any two properties of gamma rays.
70. Write the alpha decay process for . Identify the parent and daughter nuclei in ₉₁Pa²³⁴ this decay.
71. Write the ranges of radiations in air.
72. Write uses of radioisotopes.
73. Write uses of tracers.
Long Questions
1. Is radioactivity a spontaneous process? Elaborate your answer with a simple experiment.
2. Differentiate between atomic number and atomic mass with examples.
3. What do you mean by natural radioactivity?
4. What are background radiations?
5. What are the three basic radioactive decay processes and how do they differ from each other?
6. Describe the nature and properties of radioactive radiations?
7. What do you mean by half life of a radioactive element?
8. What are radioisotopes? Write the uses of radioisotopes.
9. Write in detail about fission reaction.
10. What is nuclear fusion?
11. What are common radiation hazards? Briefly describe the precautions that are taken against them?
12. The half-life of ₇N¹⁴ is 7.3 s. A sample of this nuclide of nitrogen is observed for 29.2 s. Calculate the fraction of the original radioactive isotope remaining after this time.
13. Cobalt-60 is a radioactive element with half-life of 5.25 years. What fraction of the original sample will be left after 26 years?
14. Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years. How long will it take for the quantity of carbon-14 in a sample to drop to one-eighth of the initial quantity?
15. Technetium-99 m is a radioactive element and is used to diagnose brain, thyroid, liver and kidney diseases. This element has half-life of 6 hours. If there is 200 mg of this technetium present, how much will be left in 36 hours.
16. Half-life of a radioactive element is 10 minutes. If the initial count rate is 368 counts per minute, find the time for which count rates reaches 23 counts per minute.
17. A sample of certain radioactive element has a half-life of 1500 years. If it has an activity of 32000 counts per hour at the present time, then plot a graph of the activity of this sample over the period in which it will reduce to 1/16 of its present value.
18. Half-life of a radioactive element was found to be 4000 years. The count rates per minute for 8 successive hours were found to be 270, 280, 300, 310, 285, 290, 305, 312. What does the variation in count rates show? Plot a graph between the count rates and time in hours. Why the graph is a straight line rather than an exponential?
19. Ashes from a campfire deep in a cave show carbon-14 activity of only one-eighth the activity of fresh wood. How long ago was that campfire made?