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| 12th Biology Chapter 20 - Chromosomes and DNA Questions Bank |
Biology 2nd Year Chapter 20 Chromosomes and DNA Solved MCQs, Important Short Questions and Long Questions Bank
MCQs
Please select the right answer.
1. A central role for chromosomes in heredity was first suggested in 1900 by
2. A chromosome with equal length of its arms:
3. A typical chromosome contain nucleotide about
4. All of the following are non-sense codons except that of:
5. Anticodons are present on
6. Basic structure of nucleic acid was determined by
7. Beadie and Tatum exposed Neurospora spores to:
8. Cap in mRNA is
9. Central dogma is composed of
10. Change in gene position is
11. Chromosomal part which uncoils, during inter phase is called:
12. Chromosomal theory of heredity was proposed by
13. Chromosomal theory of inheritance suggests that
14. Chromosomes were first observed by
15. Codes are present on
16. Coding strand is
17. DNA changes are called mutations and organisms that have these changes are called:
18. DNA polymerase only adds nucleotides to the end:
19. DNA was discovered in
20. DNA was discovered in 1869 by
21. Double helical structure of DNA was proposed by
22. Each Okazaki fragment is synthesized by:
23. Empty tRNA is present in
24. Enzymes are responsible for assembly of
25. Erwin Chargaff showed that the amount of guanine in DNA is always equal to:
26. Experiments on bacteriophage were performed by
27. Experiments on mice were performed by
28. Experiments on Neurosopora were performed by
29. First amino acid in the synthesis of protein is
30. Genetic code for glycine is
31. Genetic code for phenylalanine is
32. Genetic code is combination of
33. Human cells contain how many different kinds of tRNA molecules:
34. If the alterations involve only one or a few base pairs-in the coding sequence they are called:
35. If the DNA of an human adult is lined up end to end, it will stretch nearly
36. In 1953, F-Sanger described the complete sequence of Amino Acids of
37. In bacteria the newly synthesized mRNA is released in
38. In eukaryotes, the numbers of nucleotides in Okazaki fragments are about
39. In semi-conservative model the strands are separated and act as
40. In the next generation of phage virus, the virus found radioactive were with
41. Match homogenetisic acid with one of the followings
42. Meselson and Stahl found that the DNA collected immediately after transfer was dense because
43. Meselson and Stahl used radioactive isotope of
44. Minimal medium was prepared by
45. mRNA is synthesized by
46. mRNA is synthesized by
47. Nucleosome occurs at every:
48. Number of chromosomes in mouse is
49. Number of chromosomes in Sugar cane is
50. Number of histone protein molecules in single nucleosomes are
51. Number of hydrogen bonds formed between Adenine and Thymine are
52. Number of hydrogen bonds formed between Guanine and Cytosine are
53. Okazaki fragment is a
54. Okazaki fragments are formed in lagging strand because
55. Okazaki fragments are synthesize by
56. Okazaki fragments are synthesized by
57. One gene encodes for one
58. One of the given does not code for any amino acid?
59. Particular array of chromosomes that an individual possesses is called its: Karyotype
60. Repeating units of DNA are called
61. RNA polymerase has subunit
62. RNA polymerase ll synthesize
63. Sequence of amino acids in insulin molecules were determined by
64. Sickle anemia is a
65. Sickle cell anemia is caused due to change of glutamic acid to
66. Sickle cell anemia was discovered by
67. Tail of mRNA is
68. The addition of one or a few bases is
69. The amount of DNA in chromosomes is
70. The base pair stack is apart
71. The base pairs in human genome are
72. The bead like structure present in the chromosome is
73. The binding of tRNA to ribosomal unit is controlled by
74. The binding site is
75. The change of chromosomal number is
76. The chromosome in which centromere is present near the centre of chromatids is
77. The chromosome with centromere near the end of chromatids is
78. The code of arginine is
79. The diameter of DNA molecule is
80. The disease alkaptonuria was studied by
81. The disease which causes mental retardation is
82. The DNA polymerase adds how many nucleotides to the end?
83. The enzyme which attaches the fragments of DNA is
84. The enzyme which plays a supporting role in DNA replication is
85. The genetic code for alanine is
86. The highly condensed portion of chromatin is called
87. The karyotypes of a chromosomes are
88. The length of Okazaki fragments is
89. The model in which both strands are preserved is
90. The model in which both strands break is
91. The model of DNA replication in which one strand is conserved and other is synthesized is
92. The movement of ribosome to next code is controlled by
93. The number of chromosomes in mouse is:
94. The number of chromosomes in some ferns is
95. The number of chromosomes pairs in corn is:
96. The objection on chromosomal theory of inheritance was
97. The opposite strand is called coding strand or sense strand in transcription because
98. The part of chromosome whose genes are expressed is called
99. The ribosome moves in a direction of mRNA
100. The scientist who suggested that the information encoded within the DNA of chromosomes acts to specify particular enzymes waste
101. The semi conservative model is
102. The semi conservative model of DNA was proved by
103. The sequence of nucleotides that determines the amino acid sequence of a protein is called
104. The site of ribosome where peptide bond is formed is
105. The stop signal GC series of base pairs is the part of:
106. The strand which elongate towards replication fork is
107. The strand which elongates towards the replication fork is
108. The strand which is transcribed during transcription is
109. The strange result of T.H.Morgan was
110. The strong evidence in support of chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by
111. The structure formed by super coiling of DNA is
112. The substitution of one or more bases of DNA is called
113. The synthesis of protein is called
114. The synthesis of RNA from DNA is
115. The termination codes are recognized by
116. The transforming activity is destroyed due to
117. The true replicating enzyme is
118. The ultimate source of changes is
119. This condition appears as a result of point mutation:
120. Total number of genetic codes is
121. Transcription starts at
122. Transforming principle was formulated by
123. tRNA is synthesized by
124. Walther Fleming discovered chromosomes in larva of
125. Which is incorrect about Watson and Crick model?
126. Which of the following does not come within central dogma?
127. Which of the following is incorrect observation of experiments by Avery and coworkers?
128. Which of the following is mismatched for genetic code?
129. Which of the following is not mutagen?
130. Which of the following is not termination or non-sense code?
131. Which of the followings helps the tRNA to attach on exposed mRNA code at A site
132. Which of the followings is a stop signal for transcription?
133. Which of the followings is absent in minimal medium?
134. Which of these initiation codes?
135. Which one of the following is initiation codon?
136. X-ray diffraction analysis of DNA was performed by:
137. X-ray diffraction technique was used by
Short Questions
1. Compare replication, transcription and translation.
2. Define chromosomal theory of inheritance.
3. Define Conservative Replication of DNA?
4. Define karyotype. What is karyotype? What do you mean by karyotype? Give its significance.
5. Define nucleosome.
6. Define nucleotide and nucleoside.
7. Define one gene/one polypeptide hypothesis?
8. Define point mutation. State point mutation with examples. Define point mutations.Give one example.
9. Define replication or what is replication?
10. Define the chromosome theory of ingeritance?
11. Define transcription and how it is initiated? What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
12. Differentiate among conservative, semi-conservative and dispersive replication of DNA.
13. Differentiate between heterochromatin and euchromatin?
14. Differentiate between leading and lagging strand.
15. Differentiate between rough and smooth type of bacteria.
16. Differentiate between sense and anti-sense strands of DNA.
17. Enlist different shapes of chromosome.
18. Explain karyotype?
19. Explain nucleosome?
20. Give the length of Okazaki fragment. What are Okazaki fragments?
21. Give the role and kinds of tRNA.
22. How DNA polymerase III can initiate synthesis of DNA?
23. How do the chromosomes differ from one another?
24. How do X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila differ with respect to eye colour gene?
25. How long DNA would stretch if the DNA in all of the cells of an adult human were lined up end to end?
26. How many nucleotides are contained in a typical human chromosome?
27. How many types of DNA polymerases are found, write down their names?
28. How much information is contained in one chromosomes?
29. How would you identify a metacentric chromosome?
30. Name the basic proteins in the chemical composition of chromosomes?
31. Name the kinds of nucleic acids?
32. Name the nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides of DNA?
33. What a typical chromosome is made up of ?
34. What are chromosomes?
35. What are different shapes of chromosomes?
36. What are different types of chromosomes depending upon location of centromere?
37. What are heteromatin?
38. What are mutagens? Give one example.
39. What are Okazaki fragments?
40. What are supercoils of DNA?
41. What are the chromosomes chemically composed of and in what percentage?
42. What are the components of a nucleotide of DNA according to P.A.Levene?
43. What are the contributions of P.A.Levene for determining the structure of DNA?
44. What are the main components of DNA?
45. What are the three major classes of RNA?
46. What are the units of the DNA molecule known as?
47. What does transformation mean in the life cycle of pneumonia bacteria?
48. What does X-Ray diffraction of DNA suggest?
49. What is a chromosome typically made of?
50. What is a sex linked trait?
51. What is alkaptonuria? What is phenylketonuria? Differentiate between alkaptonuria and phenylketonuria.
52. What is anticodon?
53. What is central dogma?
54. What is Dispersive Replication of DNA?
55. What is euchromatin?
56. What is Friedrick Miescher famous for?
57. What is genetic code? What are non-sense codons? Enlist non-sense codons and their function.
58. What is heterochromatin? What is euchromatin? Differentiate between heterochromatin and euchromatin.
59. What is initiation codon?
60. What is Karl Correns famous for?
61. What is Karyotype?
62. What is meant by sex-linked trait?
63. What is mutation? What do you mean by mutations? Define mutation and differentiate between chromosomal aberration and point mutation.
64. What is nuclein?
65. What is nucleosomes?
66. What is one gene/ one polypeptide?
67. What is phosphodiester bond or linkage?
68. What is phosphodiester linkage? Draw structural formula. What is phosphodiester bond or linkage?
69. What is primer?
70. What is Semi-conservative replication of DNA?
71. What is sickle cell anemia?
72. What is telocentric chromosome?
73. What is the composition of chromosomes?
74. What is the difference between the acrocentric and sub metacentric chromosomes?
75. What is the function RNA Polymerase in transcription?
76. What is the genetic code?
77. What is the length of a strand of DNA from a single chromosome?
78. What is the length of Okazaki fragments?
79. What is the normal and the mutant eye colour of Drosophila?
80. What is the normal number of chromosomes in mosquito, honeybee, corn, frog, mouse and man?
81. What is the number of chromosomes in Penicillin and ferns?
82. What is the number of nucleotides in the DNA of a typical human chromosome?
83. What is the role of DNA polymerase I?
84. What is the structure of a typical nucleotide?
85. What is the work of Chargaff?
86. What is transcription?
87. What is transformation?
88. What is translation?
89. What is triplet code?
90. What is X-ray diffraction?
91. What was work of Meselson-Stahl?
92. When and where were the chromosomes first seen by whom?
93. Where codon and anticodon are situated?
94. Which codons are called stop codons and consense codon and why?OR what are non-sense codons?Quote examples?
95. Which type of streptococcus pneumonia bacteria are virulent, those with polysaccharide coat or without it?
96. Who and when proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
97. Who first observed the chromosomes?
98. Who prepared the X-ray diffraction of DNA?
99. Who presented the model of the structure of DNA and when?
100. Who proposed the double helical structure of DNA?
101. Who provided first evidence that ‘DNA’ is the hereditary material?
102. Who repeated the experiments of Griffith?
103. Why hershey and chase are famous for?
104. Why histones are positively charged as against most of the proteins which are negatively?
105. Why histones are positively charged?
Long Questions
1. Define and explain transcription in detail. What is transcription? How it occurs?
2. Define and explain translation.
3. Describe how Griffith experiments to prove that DNA is the heredity material.
4. Describe how Hershey and Chase prove that DNA is hereditary material.
5. Describe how Hershey and Chase prove that DNA is the heredity material.
6. Describe one gene/one polypeptide hypothesis considering the work of Beadle and Tatum. What hypothesis did Beadle and Tatum test in their experiment on Neurospora.
7. Describe process of translation.
8. Describe the chemical composition of chromosome. What do you know about their types?
9. Describe the different types of RNA with their roles.
10. Describe the one gene/one polypeptide hypothesis considering the work of Beadle and Tatum.
11. Describe the Watson – Crick model of DNA in detail.
12. Describe the work of Beadle and Tatum on Neurospora.
13. Describe Watson-Crick Model of DNA in detail.
14. Explain double helical structure of DNA.
15. Explain how DNA encodes protein structure.
16. Explain Meselson and Stahl’s experiment. Describe Meselson and Stahl’s experiment to show semi-conservative replication.
17. How did Meselson and Stahl show that DNA replication is semi conservative?
18. How it was prove that DNA is the hereditary material?
19. Prove that DNA is the heredity material.
20. What are chromosomes? What do you know about their number, karyotype, types and shapes? Describe types of chromosomes on the basis of centromere.
21. What is genetic code? Describe its characteristics.
22. What is transcription? Explain the process with the help of diagram.
23. Write a note on genetic code.
24. Write the process of replication of DNA.